1. He kōrero mō ngā mekameka hono porowhita mō te keri
I te pikinga ake o te hiahia mō te pūngao waro i roto i te ōhanga o te ao, kua tere te whanaketanga o ngā mīhini keri waro. Hei taputapu matua mō te keri waro miihini whānui i roto i te maina waro, kua tere hoki te whanaketanga o te wāhanga tuku i runga i te kawe waru. I tētahi tikanga, ko te whanaketanga o te kawe waru e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whanaketanga omekameka hononga porowhita kaha-teitei te keriKo te mekameka hononga porowhita kaha-teitei te wāhanga matua o te kawe mekameka waru i roto i te maina waro. Ko tōna kounga me tana mahi kahe pānga tika ki te whai huatanga o ngā taputapu me te putanga waro o te maina waro.
Ko te whanaketanga o te mekameka hono porowhita kaha-teitei e whai ake nei: te whanaketanga o te maitai mō te keri mekameka hono porowhita, te whanaketanga o te hangarau maimoatanga wera mekameka, te arotau i te rahi me te āhua o te mekameka hono maitai porowhita, ngā hoahoa mekameka rerekē me te whanaketanga o te hangarau hanga mekameka. Nā ēnei whanaketanga, ko ngā āhuatanga miihini me te pono omekameka hono porowhita kerikua tino whakapaitia. Ko ngā whakatakotoranga me ngā āhuatanga miihini o te mekameka i hangaia e ētahi umanga hanga mekameka matatau o te ao kua hipa ake i te paerewa DIN 22252 Tiamana e whakamahia whānuitia ana i te ao.
Ko te maitai iti-te-papa tuatahi mō te keri mekameka hono porowhita ki tāwāhi he maitai waro manganese te nuinga, he iti te ihirangi waro, he iti te ihirangi huānga koranu, he iti te pakeketanga, ā, he iti te diameter o te mekameka < ø 19mm. I ngā tau 1970, i whakawhanakehia ngā maitai mekameka teitei-papa raupapa manganese nickel chromium molybdenum. Ko ngā maitai noa ko te 23MnNiMoCr52, 23MnNiMoCr64, me ētahi atu. He pai te pakeketanga, te kaha ki te whakarewa me te kaha me te pakari o ēnei maitai, ā, he pai mō te hanga mekameka C-papa nui. I whakawhanakehia te maitai 23MnNiMoCr54 i te mutunga o ngā tau 1980. I runga i te maitai 23MnNiMoCr64, i whakaitihia te ihirangi o te silicon me te manganese, ā, i whakanuia te ihirangi o te chromium me te molybdenum. He pai ake tōna pakari i te maitai 23MnNiMoCr64. I ngā tau tata nei, nā te whakapai tonu i ngā whakaritenga mahi o te mekameka maitai hononga porowhita me te pikinga tonu o ngā whakatakotoranga mekameka nā te keri waro miihini i roto i ngā maina waro, kua whakawhanakehia e ētahi kamupene mekameka ētahi momo maitai hou motuhake, ā, ko ētahi āhuatanga o ēnei momo maitai hou he teitei ake i te maitai 23MnNiMoCr54. Hei tauira, ka taea e te maitai "HO" i whakawhanakehia e te kamupene JDT Tiamana te whakanui ake i te kaha o te mekameka mā te 15% ki te whakaritea ki te maitai 23MnNiMoCr54.
2. Ngā āhuatanga ratonga mekameka keri me te tātaritanga rahunga
2.1 ngā tikanga ratonga mekameka keri
Ko ngā āhuatanga mahi o te mekameka hononga porowhita ko: (1) te kaha kume; (2) te ngenge i puta mai i te kawenga pupuhi; (3) ka puta te waku me te kakahu i waenga i ngā hononga mekameka, ngā hononga mekameka me ngā pītiti mekameka, me ngā hononga mekameka me ngā pereti waenga me ngā taha awaawa; (4) ka puta te waikura i te mahi a te waro kua pakaru, te paura toka me te hau makuku.
2.2 te tātaritanga o te rahunga o ngā hononga mekameka keri
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā momo whati o ngā hononga mekameka keri ki ēnei momo: (1) ka nui ake te kawenga o te mekameka i tōna kawenga whati pumau, ka puta he whati wawe. Ko te nuinga o tēnei whati ka puta i ngā wāhanga hapa o te pakihiwi hononga mekameka, i te wāhi tika rānei, pērā i te pakaru mai i te rohe e pāngia ana e te wera o te whakarewanga uira me te pakaru o ngā rauemi pae takitahi; (2) I muri i te oma mō tētahi wā, kāore anō te hononga mekameka keri kia tae ki te kawenga whati, ka puta te whati nā te ngenge. Ko te nuinga o tēnei whati ka puta i te hononga i waenga i te ringa tika me te karauna o te hononga mekameka.
Ngā whakaritenga mō te keri i te mekameka hono porowhita: (1) kia nui te kaha ki te kawe kawenga i raro i te rauemi me te wāhanga kotahi; (2) kia nui ake te kawenga pakaru me te roa ake; (3) kia iti te whakarerekētanga i raro i te mahi a te kaha uta nui kia pai ai te hononga; (4) kia nui te kaha ngenge; (5) kia nui te ātete kakahu; (6) kia kaha te pakari me te mimiti pai ake i te kawenga pānga; (7) kia tutuki ngā ine āhuahanga ki te tuhi.
3. Tukanga whakaputa mekameka maina
Te tukanga whakaputa o te mekameka keri: tapahi pae → piko me te whatu → hononga → whakarewa → whakamātautau whakamātautau tuatahi → maimoatanga wera → whakamātautau whakamātautau tuarua → tirotiro. Ko te whakarewa me te maimoatanga wera ngā tukanga matua i roto i te hanga mekameka hononga porowhita keri, e pā tika ana ki te kounga o te hua. Ka taea e ngā tawhā whakarewa pūtaiao te whakapai ake i te hua me te whakaiti i te utu whakaputa; ka taea e te tukanga maimoatanga wera tika te whakamahi katoa i ngā āhuatanga rauemi me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te hua.
Hei whakarite i te kounga o te whakarewatanga o te mekameka keri, kua whakakorehia te whakarewatanga ā-ringa me te whakarewatanga ātete. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te whakarewatanga uira nā ōna painga nui pērā i te taumata teitei o te aunoatanga, te iti o te kaha mahi me te kounga hua pumau.
I tēnei wā, ko te tikanga o te whakamahana i te mekameka hononga porowhita keri ko te whakamahana aukume auau-waenga, te tinei tonu me te whakamahana. Ko te kaupapa o te whakamahana aukume auau-waenga ko te whakaoho i te hanganga ngota o te mea i raro i te mara hikohiko, ka whiwhi ngā ngota i te pūngao ka tukinga hei whakaputa wera. I te wā e whakamahana ana i te aukume auau-waenga, ka honoa te inductor ki te AC auau-waenga o tētahi auau, ā, ka neke ngā hononga mekameka i te tere ōrite i roto i te inductor. Mā tēnei, ka puta he iahiko whakaoho me te auau me te ahunga rerekē ki te inductor i roto i ngā hononga mekameka, kia taea ai te huri i te pūngao hiko hei pūngao wera, ā, ka taea te whakamahana i ngā hononga mekameka ki te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana mō te tinei me te whakamahana i roto i te wā poto.
He tere te tere o te whakamahana arataki auau-waenga, ā, he iti ake te waikura. I muri i te tineitanga, ka taea te whiwhi i te hanganga tineitanga tino pai me te rahi o te kōpura austenite, ka whakapai ake i te kaha me te pakari o te hononga mekameka. I taua wā anō, he painga anō hoki o te ma, te akuaku, te ngāwari o te whakarite me te pai o te whakaputa. I te wāhanga whakamahana, ka haere te rohe whakarewa hononga mekameka i roto i te pāmahana whakamahana teitei ake, ā, ka whakakorea te nui o te ahotea o roto o te tineitanga i roto i te wā poto, he pānga nui tēnei ki te whakapai ake i te kirihou me te pakari o te rohe whakarewa me te whakaroa i te tīmatanga me te whanaketanga o ngā kapiti. He iti te pāmahana whakamahana i te tihi o te pakihiwi hononga mekameka, ā, he nui ake te pakeke i muri i te whakamahana, he mea e pai ai te kakahu o te hononga mekameka i te wā mahi, arā, te kakahu i waenga i ngā hononga mekameka me te hononga i waenga i ngā hononga mekameka me te porotiti mekameka.
4. Whakamutunga
(1) Kei te whanake haere te maitai mō te keri i te mekameka hononga porowhita kaha-teitei i te ahunga o te kaha teitei ake, te pakeke ake, te pakari kirihou teitei ake me te ātete ki te waikura i te maitai 23MnNiMoCr54 e whakamahia whānuitia ana i te ao. I tēnei wā, kua whakamahia ngā momo maitai hou me ngā momo maitai kua patenttia.
(2) Mā te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te mekameka hono porowhita kaha-teitei e whakatairanga i te whakapai tonu me te tino pai o te tikanga maimoatanga wera. Ko te whakamahinga tika me te whakahaere tika o te hangarau maimoatanga wera te mea nui ki te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te mekameka. Kua noho te hangarau maimoatanga wera mekameka keri hei hangarau matua o ngā kaihanga mekameka.
(3) Kua whakapaitia, kua arotauhia hoki te rahi, te āhua me te hanganga mekameka o te mekameka hono porowhita kaha-teitei o te keri. Ka mahia ēnei whakapainga me ngā arotautanga i runga anō i ngā hua o te tātaritanga ahotea mekameka, me te mea me whakanui ake te kaha o ngā taputapu keri waro, ā, me whakawhāiti hoki te wāhi o raro whenua o te maina waro.
(4) Ko te pikinga ake o ngā whakaritenga mō te keri mekameka hononga porowhita kaha-teitei, te panonitanga o te āhua hanganga me te whakapainga o ngā āhuatanga miihini e whakatairanga ana i te tere o te whanaketanga o ngā taputapu me ngā hangarau hanga mekameka hononga maitai porowhita.
Te wā tuku: Hakihea-22-2021
